CSV files are a way of storing data in a table format. A table consists of one or more rows, each row containing one or more columns. There is no formal specification for CSV files although a proposed standard can be found at https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4180.txt.
Although the 'C' in 'CSV' stands for the word comma, other characters may be used as the separator. TAB and semicolons are common alternatives. Exivity can import CSVs using any separator character apart from an dot or an ASCII NUL and uses the comma by default.
A Dataset is a CSV file, usually produced by USE, which can be imported for processing by a Transcript task. To qualify as a dataset a CSV file must meet the following requirements:
The first line in the file must define the column names
Every row in the file must contain the same number of fields
A field with no value is represented as a single separator character
The separator character must not be a dot (.)
There may be no ASCII NUL characters in the file (a NUL character has an ASCII value of 0)
When a Dataset is imported by a Transcript task any dots (.) contained in the a column name will be replaced with underscores (_). This is due to a dot being a reserved character used by Fully Qualified Column Names
When a DSET is exported during execution of a Transcript task, the exported CSV file will always be a Dataset, in that it can be imported by another Transcript task.
Although datasets are generated by USE as part of the extraction phase, additional information may be provided in CSV format for the purposes of enriching the extracted data. This additional CSV data must conform to the requirements above.
A DSET is the the data in a Dataset once it has been imported by a Transcript task. A DSET resides in RAM during the Transform phase and, if referenced by a finish statement, is then stored in a database file for long-term use.
A Transcript task may import more than one dataset during execution, in which case multiple DSETs will be resident in RAM at the same time. It is therefore necessary for any subsequent Transcript statement which manipulates the data in a DSET to identify which DSET (or in some cases DSETs) to perform the operation on. This is achieved using a DSET ID which is the combination of a Source tag and an Alias tag.
If multiple DSETs are present in memory, the first one that was created will be the default DSET. Column names that are not fully qualified are assumed to be located in the default DSET.
After a Dataset has been imported the resulting DSET is assigned a unique identifier such that it can be identified by subsequent statements. This unique identifier is termed the DSET ID and consists of two components, the Source and Alias tags.
The default alias tag is defined automatically and is the filename of the imported Dataset, minus the file extension. For example a Dataset called usage.csv will have an alias of usage.
The Transcript import statement can take one of two forms. Depending on which is used, the Source tag is determined automatically, or specified manually as follows:
By convention Datasets produced by USE are located in sub-directories within the directory <basedir>\collected. The sub-directories are named according to the data source and datadate associated with that data. The naming convention is as follows:
where:
<data_source> is a descriptive name for the external source from which the data was collected
<yyyy> is the year of the datadate as a 4-digit number
<MM> is the month of the datadate as a 2 digit number
<dd> is the day of the month of the datate as a 2 digit number
When importing one of these datasets using automatic source tagging, the source tag will be the name of the directory containing that dataset. Thus, assuming a datadate of 20160801 the following statement:
import usage from Azure
will import the Dataset <basedir>\collected\Azure\2016\08\01_usage.csv, and assign it a Source tag of Azure.
When importing a Dataset from a specified path, the Source tag is specified as part of the import statement. For example the statement:
import my_custom_data\mycosts.csv source costs
will import the Dataset <basedir>\my_custom_data\mycosts.csv and assign it a Source tag of costs. Checks are done during the import process to ensure that every imported Dataset has a unique source.alias combination.
When a column name is prefixed with a DSET ID in the manner described previously, it is said to be fully qualified. For example the fully qualified column name Azure.usage.MeterName explicitly refers to the column called MeterName in the DSET Azure.usage.